There are a number of factors to consider when looking at the management of Type 2 diabetes. It is common for individuals with this disease to be prescribed a number of medications and to make changes to their diet. Often overlooked is the importance of exercise in managing this disease. There is a lot of data that supports the fact that exercise is a determining factor with respect to diabetes. Diabetics that are involved in a properly designed fitness program can significantly improve their quality of life and overall health. By doing so, diabetics can reverse some of the effects associated with this disease, and or slow the progression of complications. Exercise can reduce the insulin resistance that is associated with type 2 diabetes for up to 72 hours (Wells 2012).
Individuals with diabetes will benefit from a properly designed exercise program. It is important that the program includes cardiovascular, resistance and flexibility exercises. Resistance training works because it involves the use of the anaerobic lactic system. The lactic system provides energy for approximately 10-40 seconds (with some overlap) and uses glucose exclusively to produce energy. It is the use of glucose during lactic training that provides the most benefit for diabetics. Using the aerobic oxidative system during exercise also uses glucose for energy and is beneficial for diabetics (this system also uses fat and protein for energy).
It also appears that a multi-faceted approach that includes exercise and proper nutrition provides the best outcomes for diabetics. Often overlooked is the importance of strength training for individuals with Type 2 diabetes. Resistance training, in my opinion, should be considered mandatory for all diabetics. Not only does it burn glucose exclusively when training in the lactic zone, strength training increases blood flow and will help reduce the consequences associated with neuropathy.
Often, individuals with diabetes do not understand the long-term implications of this disease and its side effects. Many of these side effects are life altering. Diabetes is still the number one cause of blindness. Diabetics can make significant improvements to their overall health by making healthy lifestyle choices. Their exercise program should start at a low-intensity level and progress slowly over time.
Diabetics should consult with their physician before starting an exercise program.
References: University of Toronto Research and Innovation, from an interview with Dr. Greg Wells, May 11, 2012.